Flashing Lights on sneakers

[bucky]

Flashing lights on sneakers are illegal. I did encounter some situations and am looking for some feedback. (Did not research yet but think answers could easily be provided)

1) Photographer for home team is using flash during live ball action. He is only person on endline, it is a small venue, there is a small crowd, and it is very noticeable. Oddly, he only took pics using the flash while the home team players were shooting. Is it legal for a photographer to use this flash?

2) Student for home team in stands near endline has a shirt that contains dozens of flashing LEDs. While the visiting team would attempt FT's, the student would activate the LEDs so that they would flash, providing a distraction. Is the shirt legal?

3) home team fan/student is banging a cow bell during FT attempt by visiting player. Legal during dead ball? During live ball? Is this considered an artificial noise maker and thus illegal? I seem to recall a case for this situation.