Applying 4-19-1 NOTE . . .

[just another ref]

Originally Posted by Nevadaref

Yep, you've got it. An intentional or flagrant foul committed while the ball is dead is a technical foul, unless it is by or on an airborne shooter.

Not only does the distinction as technical alter from where play will be resumed, but also allows any eligible team member to attempt the FTs rather than only the player who was fouled.

So in such a situation you need to approach it this way:
1. Understand that the ball is dead.
2. Know when the player ceases to be an airborne shooter.
3. Observe the contact.
4. Decide if the contact rises to the level of intentional or flagrant.
5. If so, penalize it with a technical foul. If not, ignore it.

And when in doubt, lean toward the latter.