Is whining & *****ing more prevalent this year?

[UMP25]

NAIA uses OBR. There's no such thing as a 45* angle. My original statement stands as correct. Angle had nothing to do with the balk. BTW, yes, an umpire can be surprised by a pitcher's move and call a balk. One of the most common examples occurs when a pitcher from the rubber fakes a throw to first. I've seen this surprise the hell out of umpires, myself included, who often are slow to call the balk because they can't believe what they've just seen.

BTW, even the NCAA knows their own wording is geometrically incorrect, as the angle formed from the plate to the rubber to first base is not 90*. Therefore, half that cannot be 45*. As far as your second rules allusion, I find it rather shocking that you most likely would not have called a balk when a pitcher's free foot goes directly toward home but he throws the ball to first.