Hurdling, jumping, diving over a fielder (FED)

[TheWhiteShadow]

My first post to this forum. I've been going over the case book and have many questions. Hope this is the appropriate place to ask them.

3.3.1.O The runner hurdles or jumps over the catcher. The ruling is that the runner is out.

I'm trying to determine exactly which rule covers this situation. Since this situation is under 3.3.1, I thought that it would be covered by rule 3-3-1, but I'm having trouble figuring out exactly how. Malicious contact is covered under 3-3-1n, but if the runner never makes contact with the catcher, is it malicious contact? 8-4-2d covers diving over a fielder. Are hurdling and jumping considered to be diving? The last sentence in the ruling says that a runner can jump or hurdle a player who is lying on the ground, but can never dive over a player, so it seems like hurdling/jumping are somewhat different from diving, but maybe I am taking it too literally?

Thanks for your help.