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This was handled incorrectly by the referee. For the purpose of penalizing a team for failing to adhere to the provisions in 10-1-2, the team member list submitted by each team more or less becomes "final" ten minutes before the scheduling starting time (except if the team changes a designated starter due to one of the valid reasons given in 3-2-2a).
The officials should be aware of the potential fouls that may occur in this situation as well as when these fouls are penalized. There are two fouls that may occur here. First, there may be a foul for changing a designated starter unless necessitated as in 3-2-2a. This foul is penalized if it is discovered before the ball becomes live to start the game. Second, there may be a foul for adding a name to the team member list. This foul is penalized when the scorer is instructed to add the name to the team member list. Officials should also be aware that even if more than one of the events in 10-1-2 occurs during the game, there can only be one foul.
If the scorer believes that there may be an error in his book, he should notify the officials as soon as possible.
The way this situation should be handled is as follows:
When the scorer alerts the officials that there was a discrepancy in the scorer's book, the referee will determine if the team in question had submitted a list of team members and starters to the scorer separate from the information in the scorer's book. If so, he'll look at that original list to find out if the error(s) in question are reflected in that document as well. If the error was merely a result of an incorrect transcription by the scorer, then changes to the scorer's book in order to correctly reflect the team's provided team member list may be made without penalty. If the referee determines that an individual on the court to start the game was not one of the designated starters, he should also check with the team to determine whether or not they had a valid reason to change the designated starter as in 3-2-2a.
If the referee determines that both of the errors noticed by the scorer were indeed errors made by the visiting team, that team may still avoid a foul altogether by putting the appropriate designated starter on the court to start the game (or any listed team member, if the team has a valid reason to change the designated starter as in 3-2-2a) and removing the individual who had been on the court.
If the team wishes to make this individual a team member at any point following the 10-minute time limit specified in 10-1-1 so that he may become a player during the game (including at this moment, should they desire that he start the game), then his name must be added to the team member list and so a team technical foul will have occurred, as in 10-1-2b. There is no foul when he starts the game, since the team had already been charged with a foul for failing to adhere to one of the provisions in 10-1-2.
If the ball had become live to begin the game, we could not have a foul for changing a designated starter. However, if it is discovered any point during the game at a time when that individual is a player that that individual was not on the team member list, then he must be added to the team member list immediately and so a team technical foul will have occurred, as in 10-1-2b.
In your particular situation, the referee made a serious error in the rules. By allowing the individual in question to be added to the team member list and by allowing that individual to be a starter, the events in 10-1-2a and 10-1-2b have both occurred. The team must be charged with a team technical foul and the game must begin with the penalty for that foul.
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