A good trick for remember the yardage on penalty enforcements is there are only a couple 10-yarders (holding, illegal use of hands, block in the back are the main ones). Everything else is either 5 or 15. The big ones are obvious (UNS, PF, RTP, RTK, DPI, OPI, IP). Everything else is a little one.
Basic spot/ABO can be a little more complex, but understanding play types and the basic spot associated with each makes it much easier.
95% of your starting/stopping the clock will be obvious. If you make a mistake on the other 5% you will learn from it.
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