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When I have to teach balks, I find it useful to begin by teaching what is permitted rather than what is prohibited. The following apply to FED rules.
From the set position with runners on, F1 must come set and then may:
1. pitch to the batter
2. legally disengage
3. step and throw or feint to a base (no feint to 1B)
From the wind-up with runners on, F1 may:
1. pitch to the batter
2. legally disengage
In my experience, 98.5% of balks result from violating these permissions and can be explained as such: "started and stopped," "no stop," "no step," etc.
Focusing on permission rather than prohibition will help novice umpires with the 98.5%.
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Cheers,
mb
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