I'll reiterate what Bob J. said above, but divide the question in two.
1. for the purpose of a missed base appeal, passing the base does not remove the force.
2. for the purpose of determining whether the runner beat the throw, passing the base does remove the force.
By (1), to appeal the missed base, stepping on the base AND saying "he missed the base" (or otherwise making it obvious that the defense was appealing) would suffice.
By (2), to make a play on the runner, the runner would have to be tagged.
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Cheers,
mb
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