How can you call a game based strictly on whether the player gained some advantage?

How many times to you see a player fouled on the arm on a shot after the release of the ball? These get called all the time. Where is the advantage to the defender? The ball is already in the air. The contact has absolutely nothing to do with the path of the ball and doesn't affect its flight.
Are you saying you never call this type of foul?

I think you'd have a lot of PO'd coaches if you went strictly on whether there was an advantage gained and not by the rules as stated.