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Your example is indeed a backcourt violation because it meets all the criteria you list. It is the same as if the defender had hit the ball into the offensive player's leg and went into the backcourt.
A could not have called/(requested) a time out because player control is required, not just team control. (8-3-a). I guess to be technical, A could request a time out, but it should not be granted by the official.
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