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When a player is hit by the ball, is it an immediate dead ball and runners go back to their bases?
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Depends on which player you're talking about, where they're at, and why the ball hit them.
If a
offensive player is hit with a
batted ball in
fair territory, he's out and the ball is dead. Unless he was immediately behind an infielder. If a
batter is hit with a
pitched ball, the ball is dead.
In each case, the runners return to their time of pitch base. In the first instance, the batter is awarded first, so runners may advance as far as they are forced to do so by this award.
If a
defensive player is hit by a batted, thrown, or pitched ball, it is a live ball. If a
offensive player is hit by a
thrown ball, it is a live ball.