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ATX: (FED) the only time one free throw is awarded is when the shooter is fouled and the basket is made. If A2 (by definition not the shooter) is fouled, you enforce that with either A team out of bounds for a throw in (answers your not in the bonus question), or the 1-1/2 shot bonus.
There would be no such thing as "simultaneous" to the shot, as far as the rules are concerned. The calling official would have to get with his or her partner and decide which happened first: the shot or the foul. USUALLY, the ruling is going to be the shot, if the sequence was so close, as you don't want to penalize team A for team B's foul.
"Before the shooter landed" is after the shot and has no bearing on the situation. Whatever the airborne shooter rule is and how it differs among codes doesn't affect fouls away from the ball. Similar to a shooter landing inside the three point line though the shot was attempted from behind the line.
Finally: after a made basket, the ball is technically dead and remains so until it is at the disposal of a thrower for a throw in. Contact during a dead ball is ignored unless intentional or flagrant. If someone goes to the floor, its likely we will rule that intentional.
Guys: correct me if I've missed a case interp somewhere along the line as I've been away from officiating for a while and just getting back in.
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