Dunno what trip-S says. ASA's pretty clear.
Sitch #1: Runner John is out for INT (ASA 8.7.Q). No grey area here. The ball is dead at the time of interference. I kill the ball with "DEAD BALL, INTERFERENCE, RUNNER OUT".
Sitch #2: 8.7.Q says "...when the defensive player has the ball." Your scenario paints the ball arriving at the same time. This is close enough for me to rule INT ... the throw is not errant. I call the same thing as above: DEAD BALL, INT, BATTER-RUNNER OUT.
The crash rule is there for a reason: ASA doesn't want defenders carried off the field on stretchers. I understand trip-S is a little looser with its rules; but I can't imagine a sanctioning body not doing things to reduce injury situations (well, short of MLB
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In both of these situations, you also need to rule on whether or not the crash was flagrant. If so, the offender gets ejected. From what you painted, #1 sounds flagrant to me. #2 is questionable.