It is possible that the umpire is not aware of the illegal sub.
If the umpire is aware the coach has a problem, the umpire should question the coach. If the coach says, "Blue, 14 for 12", the umpire should tell the coach that 14 has already been in the game in another slot.
I don't propose you do this screaming across the field. Anytime a coach indicates they want to make a change, the umpire should pull their line-up card and walk toward the coach until the two of you can converse without raising a voice.
It is preventive umpiring. You are not coaching the team, you are telling them that what they are doing is NOT permitted. The penalties are the remedy when something does occur.
If you are just hearing this now, you either haven't been to the right clinics or the clinicians are giving you the rules without advising you on the means of application.
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The bat issue in softball is as much about liability, insurance and litigation as it is about competition, inflated egos and softball.
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