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FIRST:
In this play, you will not take into consideration that A2 is airborne because he did not LAND with the ball in his posession. Therefore, the airborne status doesn't matter.
Rule 9-9-3 clearly addresses that the player secures control and lands on the floor (either frontcourt or backcourt or straddling) and that is legal.
SECOND:
That being said, now you have to determine the status of A2 since he possessed the ball and had control of it (different than if he had tapped it or deflected it on a throw-in). At the instant A2 catches the ball, Team A now has control and the throw-in is complete. He has frontcourt status because he is airborne from the frontcourt. He then passes the ball to A3 in the backcourt. Simply, the ball had frontcourt status, was passed to a team mate in the backcourt (first to touch it in the backcourt by same team that had control in the frontcourt). This is why it is a violattion. Obviously, if A2 had been airborne from the backcourt when he caught the ball, there would be no backcourt violation.
In short, Article 3 does not apply to this play.
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