1. Correct
2. Sounds like you did the right mechanics on this one too, as long as you let the runner pass you, then you went inside. You don't want to run in front of a runner, or across the line of throw.
3. On this one, you learn from doing it a thousand times. You want to be in position to make the call at the most important base (2nd in this case) but you want to remember the possibility of a double play. After the play is made at 2nd and you (quickly) make the call, you have a chance to back up or over a few steps, before the throw gets to 1st. You want to be stopped by the time the ball gets to 1st. Hesitate, wait for any unforeseen event to happen (like a dropped ball ), then really, really sell the out or the safe call. Always put more emphasis on the 2nd play, no matter which way it goes.
4. On the 2nd call, I'll bet everyone's done that at some point or other. Your UIC's advice is excellent. Hesitate, wait for any unforeseen event to happen ( like a dropped ball ), then sell the call. This helps you to not make a reversal of your call if you wait, plus your body catches up with your mind. If you make the out-safe call, correct it immediately and let everyone know in a loud, clear voice that the BR is safe and give the signal again. There is nothing wrong in clarifying a call. It obviously needed clarifying.
As far as getting some heckling from the ruffians on the field, hey, that's where the fun starts. Just take it, and ignore it. They paid for the right to be on the field and get on your case. Just not so much as to hinder or affect the game. Heck, that's why I enjoy the game so much, so I can get all that constructive criticism that's available at any instant.