Let's talk obstruction rule ASA

[Steve M]

I agree with Joel on this. Granted, we're gonna have to see each just to be sure, but...
In your situation 1 especially, I want to see this. I'll protect the fielder usually, but since the contact is caused by the fielder dropping the throw AND by the fielder moving into the runner, that's most likely obstruction.
In your situation 2, know that lots of coaches will teach firstbasemen to "cheat" a little bit and take away some of that inside path a batter-runner might want to use. If you see it and have any question, call it. That fielder is making the runner take a longer path by up to 2 strides - all of a suddent that's not such a close play. In your case, there was contact, make an instant judgement as to where that runner will get to and protect the runner to that base.