Gordon, I wasn't assuming anything. My statement said, "... it is generally accepted (meaning, it's generally not argued)". I didn't say they got it right or got it wrong. Obviously, if umpires actually see where the runners are they will get the call right (hopefully). If they don't see where the runners are, they make awards based on what they've seen over their years of experience. Sometimes they are wrong, but seldom do you see it argued.

JJ

TOT means TIME OF THROW, not when the ball goes out-of-play.

Bob

Already been addressed in previous post.