In a perfect world, we would always catch the illegal sub in time to call the foul well before the snap. Usually, this is an honest mistake by the sub and we should stop him before he commits the IS foul. Preventive officiating as Ed has said. However, some coaches use this "substitution" to deceive the other team. That's when 9-5-1f comes into play. It is for a truly unsportsmanlike act.
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Steve
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