[Nevadaref]

Originally Posted by BillyMac

A player shall not dribble a second time after his/her first dribble has ended,
unless it is after he/she has lost control because of:
ART. 1 A try for field goal.
ART. 2 A touch by an opponent.
ART. 3 A pass or fumble which has then touched, or been touched by,
another player.

"Another player" can be a teammate, or an opponent.

Is dribbling the ball off a teammate's foot a pass, or a fumble?

I think so, but I'm open to constructive criticism.

No violation, also open to constructive criticism.

No, Billy. A dribble deflecting off a teammate is not a pass or fumble.
The OP is a violation.