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Bob, you've asked a simple question, that requires a long answer. A brief overview:
NFHS Rules define a "Basic Spot" as a point of reference for penalty enforcement, as defined in Rule 10, Section 4. There are several "Basic Spots", that are determined by the action that occurs during the down.
The "Previous Spot" is the Basic Spot for:
a. Foul which occurs simultaneously with the snap or freekick
b. Foul wich occurs during a "loose ball" play. ( defind in 10,3.1, 10.5.5 and 10.5.1b) Most common is a pass play and generally during a legal kick.
c. Foul wich occurs during a down in which a legal kick occurs and an "inadvertent whistle" ends the down prior to possession by either team.The basic spotis the "spot where the kick ends" when Receivers commit a post-scrimmage kick (PSK) foul (2.16.2h). Receiver fouls behind the PSK spot are "Spot" fouls.
The basic spot is the "Spot where the related run ends", for a foull which occurs during a "running play" as defined in 10.3.2.
The basic spot is the "Succeeding Spot":a. for an unsportsmanlike foul.
b. for a "dead-ball" foul
c. for a non-player foul
d. When the foul result is a touchback.
There are additional "Spot" designations for certain specific plays, but these are the more genera spots.l
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