The separate rules point out the difference, although the string theory applies to both.
8.1-E(5). It is runner interference even if it contacts the runner after passing a fielder and another fielder has the opportunity to make an out.
8.1-E(7). It is umpire interference ONLY if it contacts the umpire before passing a fielder other than the pitcher. Other fielders are not a factor; only if it has passed one fielder.
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Steve
ASA/ISF/NCAA/NFHS/PGF
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