#1...goal counts. The officials can use any on-court counts they may have to adjust the time...no guessing. If an official got to 7 in the backcourt and got to 4 on a 5 second count in the frontcourt and had some other amount of undetermined time, 11 seconds can be taken off the clock.
#2...if the official knew the clock started early and counted in their head, they could count the basket if it was released before they got to 0:00. That said, when they see it start early, they should kill it right then and fix it (presumably, it is during a throwin so play would typically resume from that same throwin).
#3...same as #2, the official can, with any information they have, make adjustments to the clock. That horn was effectively an inadvertent horn.
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