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Speaking ASA, (your rules may vary)..
The defense must appeal to get the out, but timing is everything.
If the defense appeals while the batter is still up to bat, the correct batter is merely brought up to complete the turn at bat, assuming the existing count. All play up to that point is legal and stands. Also, if the offense discovers the error before the batter completes the turn at bat, the offense may correct the error without penalty.
If the defense appeals after the batter has completed the at bat, but before the next pitch is thrown (or if at the end of the half inning before the infield and pitcher have left fair territory), the player who should have batted is declared out, all outs made during the at bat stand, and any runners who advanced are returned to their bases and any runs scored are nullified. The next batter up is the batter following the one declared out.
The rule is ASA 7-2-B, C, EFFECT.
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Tom
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