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James - This is a very key part of football officiating when penalizing. It's also called the 3 and 1 rule.
All fouls are penalized from the basic spot - except a foul by the offense BEHIND the basic spot. It gets the name because - you have 4 spots a foul can occur -
1 - Foul by offense beyond the basic spot
2 - Foul by the defense beyond the basic spot
3 - Foul by the defense behind the basic spot
4 - foul by the offense behind the basic spot
The first three - as I said - penalized from the basic spot (end of run - previous spot etc.).Therefore - ALL BUT ONE are penalized from basic spot. The exception (with this rule in mind - there are a few other exceptions) is by the offense BEHIND that spot. When this occurs - the foul is penalized from the spot of the foul - somewhere behind the basic spot. The thinking is - a foul behind that basic spot by the offense could have been the reason the play went as far as it did. Read your case book on penalty enforcements and look for fouls by offense behind the spot - to visualize them in your mind. That's the best way to get an understnading of this rule.
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