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Magnuson, welcome to the Forum. Glad you found us here. There are a lot of pretty knowledgeable people here, so be sure to check in with questions throughout the season.
As to your particular question, it's answered very precisely in NFHS Rule 4-4. This defines "Ball Location". Essentially, the rule states that
1) if the ball is touching the floor in the backcourt, or a person who is touching the backcourt, then the ball is in the backcourt;
2) if the ball is touching the floor in the frontcourt or a person who is NOT touching the backcourt, then the ball is in the frontcourt;
3) if the ball is in flight, then its location is wherever it last touched the floor, backboard, basket, or a person.
Your "complicated" case is actually pretty straightforward. If you're dribbling, the ball is only in the frontcourt when the ball and both feet of the dribbler have touched in the frontcourt.
I see that you've sort of answered your own question, which is actually the best way to learn the rules. But I will agree with "everyone" who has told you to know Rule 4 inside and out. If you know how things are defined, it makes it much easier to break down a difficult question.
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