[Adam]

Most of them.

1. A1 drives around defender B1. B1 reaches and slaps A1 on the arm, or bumps him, as he goes by. If you whistle this too soon, you may have cost A1 a wide open layup.

2. A1 goes up for a shot in the paint, B1 slaps his arm (or bumps him). If the shot is made noticeably more difficult by the contact, it's a foul. If there's no real affect, it's not.

3. A1 driving a fast break gets his arm slapped at the division line just as he releases a pass to A2, who is wide open, cutting towards the basket. You can call the foul, or you can let A2 shoot his shot. A1's pass was virtually unaffected by the contact.