The only thing I l'd add to KDf5's list above, is after gathering all the information from the calling official, verbalize your conclusion to the calling official, and hopefully the Umpire who has joined the discussion, right from the beginning of your thought process, ie., "White 43 was flagged for (fill in the blank), that's a loose ball/running play foul, enforced from (state the basic spot, or ABO), so we'll go X yards from the (state the YL to the YL)", if you believe loss of down, or automatic 1st down, state so.
The calling official and Umpire should either agree with your assessment, or question whatever part of it they're not comfortable with. Obviously if there's any disagreement that has to be settled one way or the other until there is consensus, then when all agree give a preliminary signal and you're all prepared to explain the options to the Captain.
In case you forgot, s l o w d o w n!
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