NFHS rules limit a team to 11 players. One who enters is a substitute, the player who leaves is a replaced player and the substitute becomes a player.
Two weeks ago I had the defense in formation with 12 and we called a substitution infraction.
Funniest thing, the coach argued the infraction did not occur until the ball was snapped which would be a 15-yard penalty for illegal participation versus 5 yard dead ball for substitution infrcation. I think he finally got it.
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