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FED: A batter-runner may legally retreat toward the plate to avoid a tag unless he touches or runs beyond the plate, when he will be called out. The ball remains alive. 8-1-1a.
Official Interpretation from Rumble: When a batter is retreating toward the plate, the umpire will always call obstruction if B1 "collides" with the catcher (National Federation News #17, 3/94).
NCAA: Same as FED (7-11p AR 3) EXCEPT: The rule does not mention the status of the ball, and no official interpretation exists to deal with obstruction.
OBR: Point not covered in Rule Book. See above post by umpyre007 for the PBUC interpretation.
Also: Official Interpretation from PBUC manual: When a batter is retreating toward the plate, the umpire rules obstruction only when he judges it is intentional (4.31 - 1).
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Matthew 15:14, 1 Corinthians 1:23-25
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