|
Avoiding collisions is a runner's responsibility at any time; but s/he doesn't give up the right of way except in the stated cases. Anything else is obstruction, by definition and by rule.
In some of the instances you mention (tagging, throwing), the fielder is in possession of the ball; thus the fielder has the right of way, until s/he no longer has possession, and must "yield". "Catching" is an act prior to possession, and is obstruction if it impedes the runner, in ASA and NFHS.
In NCAA, as long as the ball arrives before the runner, it need not be possessed, as the fielder is "about to receive". But, a fielder who has given up possession (thrown) is not about to receive, and must yield, or it must be ruled obstruction.
|