To simplify for the newbies...
If the ball hits the batter --- AT ALL --- it's a dead ball.
Then you do your thinking. If it's a strike (across the plate or swinging), it's a strike. If it hit the bat first, then hit the batter, it's a foul.
If it makes it easier for you, envision the ball hitting the batter's foot instead of hand when it does, in fact, hit the hand.
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