In Federation (high school) rules, shooting the ball at the basket (called a "Try") allows you to go and get the ball if you miss, even if you have previously dribbled. There is no requirement to hit the rim. It is up to the official to judge whether the player was shooting or not. If the official deems the player was not shooting then you could have a travel (if the ball does not hit the floor) or a double dribble (if the ball does hit the floor but the player had already dribbled.)
In the NBA you must hit the rim. Not sure about NCAA.
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