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Fouls or no calls occur in these situations you describe for the following reasons:
Blocks and/or no calls -
-The defender does not establish postion prior to the shooter leaving the floor.
-The defender moves after the shooter leaves the floor.
-The defender flops before contact is made.
-The shooter only grazes the defender's shoulder.
Some teams are vetter coached at taking charges and do a better job of it. Others are always getting to the spot late.
Illegal use of hands -
-The defender raises his hands outside of his vertical plane and makes contact prior to having them straight over his head.
-The defenders hands and arms ar not vertical, even though he extends them vertically after the whistle.
-The defender extends his arms wider than the width of his frame.
From an official's standpoint, I get so tried of players coming down into the shooter's verticality, fouling, and then standing there with their hands over their head like they're signaling TD as I go to report the foul!
Now, none of us get them all right, nor do any of us miss them all. But these are some of the things that we see when the foul is called on the defense that you don't see. Why do we see things differently than you? Because you're watching the player with the ball and we're refereeing the defense.
As for determining what's a foul and what isn't, that's what officials do. We make a determination, draw a line and think, "This is a foul tonight, this isn't." Since officials are human, different crews are going to establish different levels of contact. That's always happenend and always will. Coaches should use the 1st few minutes or quarter of play to recognize how the game is being officiated and adjust accordingly. Example - last week, I had a game where both teams were shooting the 2 shot bonus with 5 minutes to go in the 2nd qtr. With two minutes to go in the 2nd half, one team had 5 fouls, the other had 3. The coaches and players adjusted, even though it tokk them until halftime to do it.
BTW, I don't see the inconsistency with charges and blocks. I see as many charges as blocks called in my area.
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