The ball is spotted where the linesman feels the runner's forward progress was stopped. If he did not blow the whistle, it's LIKELY (but not DEFINITIVE) that the linesman did not feel his forward progress was stopped.
However, it does come up often where the runner hits a pile, stops, but still churns his legs, and goes backward a bit. As L, you will often wait just a second to see if he can reestablish forward momentum - and if he doesn't, spot it where he was initially stopped.
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