I think we are blowing this closely guarded thing way out of proportion. Particularly overanayzing this "path" thing.
Lets add some new cases or editorial comments/point of emphasis to the case book
If a person is not legally guarding then they are illegally guarding. If you are illegally guarding (not facing and not directly between A1 and the basket) then the foul is Always on the defense if contact occurs. (Point of Emphasis)
Player B1 standing on court with back to player near intersection of FT line and FT lane line (elbow) A1 is driving toward basket but likes the elbow for the 15' jump shot. A1 takes two steps to his right bumps displaces B1 and shoot and scores. Ruling: Score the basket and give A1 a shot since B1 was not in legal guarding position and not in the path of A1.
A1 stops near top of key. B1 is on the mid court side facing the player with in 6 ft looking for a place to pass ball. A1 is being harassesd by B1 from behind... now side and cant pass the ball. but B1 never gets between A1 and Basket. Ruling: no 5 second call B1 could not make eye contact with A1 and therefore could not be facing A1, and since was on misdcourt side was not in path. The fact that A! could not pass the ball is is of no consequence in this play.
A1 is being double teamed. A1 has ended dribble. A1 is not being double teamed but triple teamed out on a 45 degree facing his bench) angle from basket and has a clear "path" (dont confuse with NBA here) B1 is on one side (facing him), B2 is on the other side, and B3 is at the rear cutting of the pass to the other guard out there trying to get ball. Ruling: No 5 second count continue to play.
Same play A1 pivots and faces basket yet all three stay where they are at and continue harassing him defenders arms in "path" yet A1 can't pass. Ruling No 5 second count because neither defender is in the path
Same play as above A1 pivots now faces the basket and both defenders are not in his path to basket but harassing that A1 cannot pass or shoot. A1 pivots again now displacing B2. B2 was not in legal guarding position and not in path. Ruling: Foul by B2 since B2 was illegally guarding B1.
As A1 drives from left side of lane to right side of lane A1 is facing bench and moving directly along the FT line to get a better shot. A2 slides to FT line to screen B2 who is in the path of A1 since B2 is between A1 and basket. better shot. B2 contacts A2. Ruling: Foul on B2. He was not in legal guarding position on A2 and was not between A2 and the basket, or in the "path".
A1 secures a rebound near first lane space. A1 decides she needs to dribble to start an new play. A1 is running directly towards midcourt. B1 is at FT line attempting to stop A1 from passing to A2 near mid court line. A1 runs into B1 and then passes to A2. Ruling: Foul on B1. Although B1 was facing A1 there cannot be a foul since B1 was illegally guarding A1. In this play the "path" requirement of not being between the basket and the offender was not met creating the foul on B1.
Player A1 is standing near top of key surrounded by four other offensive players and no defense cannot get to dribbler, Defense is six feet from screenerbut away from the basket. Ruling: Since Defense is not between the dribbler and basket there cannot be a five second count.
Face it we can nitpick semantics all day long and it aint going to work.
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