The ball is nowhere on a throw-in, because it is out of bounds. A ball from nowhere does not have status until team control is gained, so no backcourt violation is possible yet, since the tip of the ball does not constitute team control.
Because I typically work games with a shot clock, my criterion for team control is "would the shot clock reset?". If my answer is no, no team control has been gained. For those of you without a shot clock, the criterion would be "has possession been established or changed".
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