Hello all, need a ruling on these if anyone can help out thanks.

2nd and 10 on A’s 25 yd. line. Runner A3 breaks through the line and is hit at the A 35, where he fumbles. A4 recovers the fumble at the A 40 and advances to the A 45 where he is downed. While the ball was loose, (a) A7 clipped at the A 33, or (b) A7 held at the A 39, or (c) B9 grabbed A3’s facemask briefly at the A 36. How are the penalties for these fouls enforced?

In (a) the foul occured at A33 and the end of the associated run was A35. Penalize 15 yards from A33, 2-17 from A18.
In (b) the foul occured at A39 and the end of the associated run was A35. Penalize 10 yards from A35, 2-10 from A25.
In (c) the foul occured at A36 and the end of the associated run was A35. If the penalty is accepted 1-10 at A40. If declined then 1-10 at A45.

The first thing, I think, (as a newbie) is are these loose ball fouls or is A in possession because the basic spot is detetmined by that fact, is it not?

The first question you need to ask is what type of play did we have- loose-ball play or running play (or PSK on a scrimmage kick).

I wouldn't ever assume that since the ball is loose then we have a loose ball play. You need to study the types of plays under 10-3. The plays above were all running plays since they don't meet the defined requirements of loose-ball plays outlined in 10-3-1.

Once you know the type of play then you know the basic spot and you can apply the all-but-one.

You can have a loose ball during a running play but don't confuse these plays with a loose ball play. In addition to the other rules mentioned, study 10-6.

All of them would be have a basic spot from the A45 since it is a running play thru and thru.
So in A back them up 15 yards from the 33 and repeat 2nd down.
B back them up 10 yard from the 39 and repeat 2nd down.
C move them to the 50, 1st and 10.