is this a foul?

[foobar247]

i'm no pro at basketball, and have been looking on the net trying to clarify some rules, but have not had any luck. so hopefully someone can clarify this for me:

if a defender is putting a hand up to block a shooter's shot, and as the shooter moves his hands forward to shoot, and makes contact with the defender's arm, is that a foul?

also, is it a foul if the defender reaches out to take a swipe(trying to block) at the shooter, and makes contact with the shooter's arm after the ball has already left the shooter's hands?

Thanks!