Kicking and clock
 

NFHS. 4.6 seconds left. Inbound pass is kicked by the defense as the first touch. Clock show 3.8. Reset to 4.6?

Yes. The rule states that the clock starts on a legal touch. Therefore this is a timing error.

Same play. Official erroneously chops. Timer starts clock. Official immediately whistles the play dead. Ruling?

The rule is still the same: the clock is supposed to start on a legal touch. NF 5-10-1 permits correction of an obvious mistake by the timer. Well, the timer made a mistake because the official made a mistake. The officials (should) know how much time was on the clock at the time of the throw-in so just put it back to 0:04.6.

With that much time, it would matter, but would you bother doing this with 4:34 left in 2nd quarter? It's the same ruling, and should be handled the same, but is it worth the time it takes to correct the error? (especially at a lower level game where you may have clock operators that do not know how)

Probably not. Heck, if it was on and off quickly enough, the visible clock might not even change.

One option I've used is to tell the operator NOT to start the clock on the subsequent throw-in until I chop, and then delay the chop by a second or two if that's how much time ran off in error.

Where to draw the line (between 2Q 4:34 and 4Q 0:04.6) is part of game management.

Exactly. Now, relating this to the "bonus or double bonus" thread, we have two different plays, I understand. But the characteristics of both are similar in that we have an official giving erroneous information (to the players re: # of free throws and to the timer to start the clock). Both situations do not fall in the category of correctable errors. Both times the official quickly rule the play dead to correct the issue. Each of the appropriate case book plays (8.6.1 and 4.42.5) do not address the issue of whether to put time back if the clock had started. Yet in the kicked-ball play I think we all would agree the ball became dead immediately when the ball was kicked and the clock would be reset. But in the free throw issue we have close to 100 posts and we still can't determine for sure if the clock should be reset or not. IMO, looking at both plays the first thing to deal with is "when did the ball become dead?"
In the kick play we got it right and the clock shouldn't have started because the throw in was not legally touched so the clock was reset. In the FT play, we know the official's mistake caused one or both teams not to attempt to rebound the ball so the ball becomes dead when the try is made or when apparent it is missed. In which case, the clock never should have started as well. The whistle in both cases stopped any play from continuing but did not cause the ball to become dead, it already was dead. That seems to be supported quite well by Rule Fundmental #16.

This part is all false and that is why you reach the wrong conclusion.
No rule makes the ball dead in the FT situation. There is no violation or foul. The ball isn't dead until the official sounds the whistle. Everything before then is timed.
For the illegal touch on the throw-in, we have a violation that makes the ball dead and a rule stating that the clock does not start. We also have an NFHS clarification from a few years ago instructing the officials that no time comes off on this infraction.
Two totally different plays which you cannot equate.

Ah, okay. I am interpreting the play by the incorrect conditions that the official created by saying 2 shots. Thanks. On the other hand, and I appreciate your patience, you are saying the ball remains live on the missed free throw and is rebounded or ends up in the hands of a player B: meaning the ball has been touched, the clock starts, and...player and team control has been established, correct? Play is then immediately ruled dead. The casebook says since the error put one team at a disadvantage the solution is to resume by the AP. Therefore, it appears the legal touching and possession of the live ball by Team B has been nullified by the casebook ruling. If this is true, wouldn't it stand to reason that the clock should be reset? I would like to be convinced one way or the other. Right now I am not sure but I am still leaning toward resetting the clock. Appreciate all opinions.

If the Case Book said to reset the clock in this specific situation then you could. However, it doesn't. Compare this with the Case Book play titled "A specific unsporting act" 10.1.8, which directly states to put consumed time back on the clock.

Let's Go To The Videotape ...
 

10.1.8 SITUATION: Immediately following a goal or free throw by Team A, A1
inbounds the ball to A2 and A2 subsequently throws the ball through A’s basket.
RULING: The following procedure has been adopted to handle this specific situation
if it is recognized before the opponents gain control or before the next
throw-in begins: (a) charge Team A with an unsporting technical foul; (b) assess
a delay-of-game warning for interfering with the ball after a goal; (c) cancel the
field goal; (d) cancel any common foul(s) committed and any non-flagrant foul
against A2 in the act of shooting; and (e) put “consumed” time back on the clock.
COMMENT: If there is no doubt the throw-in was a result of confusion, the entire
procedure would be followed except no unsporting team technical foul would be
charged. A team technical would be assessed if the team had received a previous
delay warning. This procedure shall not be used in any other throw-in situation in
which an official administers the throw-in and a mistake allows the wrong team
to inbound the ball. (4-47-3; 7-6-6; 10-1-5d)